[13] The original 1950 constitution is preserved in a helium-filled case at the Parliament House in New Delhi. If such an interpretation is not possible because of inconsistency (and where separation is possible), the provision which is inconsistent with the constitution is considered void. Meaning of CONSTITUTION OF INDIA. [15], Most of the colonial India was under British rule from 1857 to 1947. The constitution of India grants worthy rights to all the citizens of India. [64] Despite the supermajority requirement for amendments to pass, the Indian constitution is the world's most frequently-amended national governing document. Disclaimer: This edition of the Constitution of India is made available for reference and information of the general public. [8] Parliament cannot override the constitution. CONSTITUTION OF INDIA PDF. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) and answers on the constitution of India especially compiled for school, college and law students! Frank Anthony represented the Anglo-Indian community,[5] and the Parsis were represented by H. P. The Constitution of India is considered the most significant document of India and the Indian Republic is ruled over according to Indian Constitution that came into force on 26 th Jan 1950, by the Constituent Assembly. The constitution also celebrates the values of justice, liberty, equality and fraternity for all the people in the country without any discrimination. [17], The constitution was drawn from a number of sources. Originally it consisted of 395 Articles arranged under 22 Parts and 8 Schedules. [18] The constitution has had more than 100 amendments since it was enacted. "[h][79] The constitution has deliberately been worded in generalities (not in vague terms) to ensure its flexibility. [14] The constitution was published in Dehradun and photolithographed by the Survey of India. India is a diverse nation with respect to its culture, the citizens, and it’s territory which is why the drafting committee took so long to complete the draft and, therefore, the historical growth of the Constitution of India can be traced back to many statutes (which are mentioned in this article) before th… The Constitution of India is one of the longest written laws on earth. [14] Article 370 gave special status to the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Article 74(1) of the Constitution provides that there shall be a Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister as its head to aid and advise the President, who shall exercise his/her functions in accordance to the advice. [33], The assembly's final session convened on 24 January 1950. The Constitution of India or the Constitution of the Republic of India came in effect on January 26, 1950 and is the longest written constitution of any independent nation in the world. The Constitution of India (IAST: Bhāratīya Saṃvidhāna) is the supreme law of India. During a parliamentary recess, the president cannot promulgate ordinances under his legislative powers under Article 123, Chapter III. [19] The 389-member assembly (reduced to 299 after the partition of India) took almost three years to draft the constitution holding eleven sessions over a 165-day period.[5][18]. Article 36 to 51. [5] Female members included Sarojini Naidu, Hansa Mehta, Durgabai Deshmukh, Amrit Kaur and Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit. 1, Art. ", "Constitutional Supremacy vs Parliamentary Supremacy", "India's benign constitutional revolution", "Aruna Roy & Ors. THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION • The Constitution of India is the major law in India. Amendments are additions, variations or repeal of any part of the constitution by Parliament. The Constitution of India is the supreme law in India.A Constitution is a set of rules and regulations guiding the administration of a country. Constitution is a living document, an instrument which makes the government system work. In addition to Article 13, Articles 32, 226 and 227 provide the constitutional basis for judicial review. You can get this PDF for free or by paying any small amount you like. 59(3), 65(3), 75(6), 97, 125, 148(3), 158(3), 164(5), 186 and 221, Lists the salaries of public officials, judges, and the, 75(4), 99, 124(6), 148(2), 164(3), 188 and 219, Forms of oaths – Lists the oaths of office for elected officials and judges, Provides for the administration and control of Scheduled Areas. The document lays down the framework that demarcates fundamental political code, structure, procedures, powers, and duties of government institutions and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles, and the duties of citizens. Its flexibility lies in its amendments. The House is perhaps aware that of the seven members nominated by you, one had resigned from the House and was replaced. Ambedkar is recognised as the "Father of the Constitution of India". Our Constitution is being well-organised, which is missing in other countries. [5][14] A revised draft constitution was prepared by the committee and submitted to the assembly on 4 November 1947. [27], At 14 August 1947 meeting of the assembly, committees were proposed. According to Granville Austin, "The Indian constitution is first and foremost a social document, and is aided by its Parts III & IV (Fundamental Rights & Directive Principles of State Policy, respectively) acting together, as its chief instruments and its conscience, in realising the goals set by it for all the people. It also possesses unitary features such as a single constitution, single citizenship, an integrated judiciary, a flexible constitution, a strong central government, appointment of state governors by the central government, All India Services (the IAS, IFS and IPS), and emergency provisions. CITIZENSHIP. 2. It is famously called the backbone of democratic India. The Constitution of India is the supreme law in India. These "basic features" have not been fully defined,[58] and whether a particular provision of the constitution is a "basic feature" is decided by the courts. v. Union of India & Ors", "Document for all ages: Why Constitution is our greatest achievement", "The Constituent Assembly Debates (Proceedings):(9th December,1946 to 24 January 1950)", "Constitution Day: A look at Dr BR Ambedkar's contribution towards Indian Constitution", "BN Rau: The Forgotten Architect of Indian Constitution", "Dr B.R. [65] The constitution is so specific in spelling out government powers that many amendments address issues dealt with by statute in other democracies. Definition of CONSTITUTION OF INDIA in the Definitions.net dictionary. According to the doctrine, the constitution's basic features (when "read as a whole") cannot be abridged or abolished. [9] The constitution replaced the Government of India Act 1935 as the country's fundamental governing document, and the Dominion of India became the Republic of India. The executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government receive their power from the constitution and are bound by it. "[86], Constitutional Advisor to the Constituent Assembly, Chief Draftsman of the Constituent Assembly, Timeline of formation of the Constitution of India, The Constitution of Yugoslavia previously held this position from. The 73rd and 74th Amendment Acts introduced the system of panchayati raj in rural areas and Nagar Palikas in urban areas. The constitution is the supreme power of the nation, and governs all laws. [11], The constitution declares India a sovereign, socialist, secular,[12] and democratic republic, assures its citizens justice, equality and liberty, and endeavours to promote fraternity. The Republic is governed in terms of the Constitution of India which was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26th November, 1949 and came into force on 26th January, 1950. One died and was not replaced. These … Constitution of India is the World’s Longest written constitution of any sovereign Country in the world; Constitution of India contains 448 Articles in 25 Parts, 12 Schedules and 101 Amendments till date. Constitution of India contains 395 articles in 22 parts. [5] Harendra Coomar Mookerjee, a Christian assembly vice-president, chaired the minorities committee and represented non-Anglo-Indian Christians. The Supreme Court ruled in Minerva Mills v. Union of India that judicial review is a basic characteristic of the constitution, overturning Articles 368(4), 368(5) and 31C.[78]. Here is a beautiful, mobile perfect PDF for the Constitution of India. In 2000, the Justice Manepalli Narayana Rao Venkatachaliah Commission was formed to examine a constitutional update. At the time of its adoption, the Constitution contained 395 Articles and 8 Schedules and was about 145,000 words long, making it the longest national Constitution to ever be adopted. One or two people were far away from Delhi and perhaps reasons of health did not permit them to attend. “Untouchability is abolished and its practice in any form is forbidden” is the essence of which of the following Articles of the Indian Constitution? 2A. [63] An amendment bill must be passed by each house of Parliament by a two-thirds majority of its total membership when at least two-thirds are present and vote. Independent judiciary and separation of powers, President as commander-in-chief of the armed forces, National legislative power to implement treaties, even on matters outside normal federal jurisdiction, Quasi-federal government—a federal system with a strong central government, Distribution of powers between the central and state governments, Residual powers, retained by the central government, Mandated planning commission to oversee economic development, Under Article 75(3): the Council of Ministers is answerable to the, Republican, democratic form of government. CONSTITUTION OF INDIA PDF. All amendments made by the Parliament up to and including the Constitution (One Hundred and Third Amendment) Act, 2019 are incorporated in this edition. Last reviewed and updated on 20 Dec, 2019, Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology. Analogous to the president and prime minister, each has a governor or (in union territories) a lieutenant governor and a chief minister. Articles 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 60, 324, 366, 367, 379, 380, 388, 391, 392, 393, and 394 of the constitution came into force on 26 November 1949, and the remaining articles became effective on 26 January 1950. If You dig deeper into the rules of the Nation, You would definitely find some fascinating facts about the law. THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION • The Constitution of India is the major law in India. of India, "Important Amendments in the Indian Constitution for UPSC", "Legal experts say debating Preamble of Constitution pointless, needless", "Forty-Second Amendment to the Constitution", "Bommai verdict has checked misuse of Article 356", "Protecting secularism and federal fair play", "Pages 311 & 312 of original judgement: A. K. Roy, Etc vs Union Of India And Anr on 28 December, 1981", "Colonial Cousins: Explaining India and Canada's Unwritten Constitutional Principles", "India's New Constitutionalism: Two Cases That Have Reshaped Indian Law", "A Consultation Paper on the Financial Autonomy of the Indian Judiciary", "The biographer of the Indian constitution", "Principle of Constitutional Interpretation: Some Reflections", Original as published in the Gazette of India, Original Unamended version of the Constitution of India, Ministry of Law and Justice of India – The Constitution of India Page, Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties, List of sitting judges of the Supreme Court, List of former judges of the Supreme Court, List of female judges of the Supreme Court, Courts of Judicial Magistrate of First Class, Courts of Judicial Magistrate of Second Class, National Judicial Appointments Commission, Governors, Lieutenant Governors and Administrators, Fundamental rights, principles and duties, Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D), Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI), Historical exchange rates data of the Indian rupee, Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016, Farmers' Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Act, 2020, Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988, Black Money (Undisclosed Foreign Income and Assets) and Imposition of Tax Act, 2015, Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act, Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015, Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989, Indian Institutes of Management Act, 2017, National Institutes of Technology Act, 2007, Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009, Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, Compensatory Afforestation Fund Act, 2016, Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Act, 2001, Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Activities Act, 1974, Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act, 2003, Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act, 2010, Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999, Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002, The High Denomination Bank Notes (Demonetisation) Act, 1978, Urban Land (Ceiling and Regulation) Act, 1976, Clinical Establishments (Registration and Regulation) Act, 2010, Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements) Act, 1954, Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985, Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues Act, 1994, Bonded Labor System (Abolition) Act, 1976, National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005, Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013, Unorganised Workers' Social Security Act 2008, Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act, 1956, Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, 1956, Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act, 1939, The Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act 1986, Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Act, 2019, The Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006, Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016, Child and Adolescent Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986, Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act, Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act, 1994, The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006, Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019, Bombay Prohibition (Gujarat Amendment) Act, 2009, Karnataka Control of Organised Crimes Act, Maharashtra Control of Organised Crime Act, Nagaland Liquor Total Prohibition Act, 1989, The Gujarat Local Authorities Laws (Amendment) Act, 2009, Puducherry Prevention of Anti-Social Activities Act, Jammu and Kashmir Public Safety Act, 1978, Uttar Pradesh Recovery of Damages to Public and Private Property Ordinance, 2020, Prohibition of Unlawful Religious Conversion Ordinance, 2020, North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act, 1971, Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006, Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996, The Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008, Repealing and Amending (Second) Act, 2015, Repealing and Amending (Second) Act, 2017, Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971, Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013, State Emblem of India (Prohibition of Improper Use) Act, 2005, Prevention of Seditious Meetings Act, 1907, Illegal Migrants (Determination by Tribunal) Act, 1983, Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000, Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, Jammu and Kashmir State Land (Vesting of Ownership to the Occupants) Act, 2001, Hindustan Socialist Republican Association, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_India&oldid=1021654631, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Articles needing additional references from July 2020, All articles needing additional references, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Three (Executive, Legislature and Judiciary), The emergency provision under article 356. 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